Alessandro Volta1745-1827
Alessandro Volta was an Italian physicist whose invention of the electric battery provided the first source of continuous current.
Volta became professor of physics at the Royal School of Como in 1774. In 1775 his interest in electricity led him to improve the electrophorus, a device used to generate static electricity. He discovered and isolated methane gas in 1776. In 1779, he was appointed to the chair of physics at the University of Pavia.
In 1791 Luigi Galvani announced that the contact of two different metals with the muscle of a frog resulted in the generation of an electric current. Galvani interpreted that as “animal electricity.” Volta felt that the frog merely conducted a current that flowed between the two metals, “metallic electricity.” He began experimenting in 1792 with metals alone, finding that animal tissue was not needed to produce a current. There was much controversy between the animal-electricity adherents and the metallic-electricity advocates, but, Volta, with his announcement of the first electric battery in 1800, won.
Volta’s battery, the voltaic pile, consisted of alternating disks of zinc and silver (or copper and pewter) separated by paper or cloth soaked either in salt water or sodium hydroxide. Unlike the Leyden jar which had to be recharged, his invention led to a new wave of electrical experiments. English scientists William Nicholson and Anthony Carlisle later used a voltaic pile to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen, discovering electrolysis and creating the field of electrochemistry.
In 1801 Volta gave a demonstration of his battery’s generation of electric current before Napoleon, who made Volta a count and a senator of the Kingdom of Lombardy. Austrian Emperor Francis I made him director of the philosophical faculty at the University of Padua in 1815. The volt was named in his honor in 1881.
Source: Encyclopædia Britannica