There are three types of logical reasoning: Deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, and abductive reasoning. They are all explained below in that order.
Deductive reasoning: When you use deduction, you try to find a conclusion from a rule. For example, let's say you have the colors yellow and red. Using deduction, you would say, "The rule is that when yellow and red are mixed, they make orange. Therefore, if I mix these colors, the conclusion will be orange." Mathematicians are associated with this type of reasoning.
Inductive reasoning: This is the opposite of deductive reasoning. If you're using induction, you're trying to find a rule from a conclusion. Going back to the previous example, let's say you mixed red and yellow and made orange. "Whenever I mix red and yellow, the conclusion is orange. Therefore, the rule is that red and yellow make orange." Scientists are associated with this type of reasoning.
Abductive reasoning: While very similar to inducing, abducing is also very different. Abducing is taking a conclusion and finding a rule that would cause it. For example, let's say you have the color orange. "I know the rule is that red and yellow make orange, and the conclusion I see here is orange. Therefore, the rule of yellow and red mixing to make the conclusion of orange created this color." Detectives are associated with this type of reasoning.
"So why the fuck are you telling me this?" you may be asking. Well, if you're not using any of these types of reasoning in your decisions or especially when you talk, do me and everyone around you a favor and shut the fuck up.